Impact of Lactational Training and Nipple Evaluation During Pregnancy in Reducing Lactational Mastitis and Breast Abscess

Lactational Training and Nipple Evaluation During Pregnancy

Abstract

Background: The incidence of lactational mastitis ranges between 2 to 33% with an average incidence of 10%. It is highest in first few weeks and decreases gradually. Breast abscess occurs in 3-11% of cases of mastitis. The cause can be mainly attributed to maternal factors (nipple abnormalities, faulty feeding technique). Aims Evaluation of nipple abnormality and counselling of pregnant women during pregnancy is likely to increase establishment of breastfeeding rate and reduction of lactational mastitis and abscess. Subjects and Methods: Methodology Intervention arm (group A,n=100 ):The pregnant ladies were counselled about correct technique of lactation. The nipple was examined to check if it can cause any hindrance to breastfeeding (Inverted, Flat, Very large, Very small). Control Arm (group B, n=92): The pregnant ladies (equally matched) with group A were included. The result was analyzed using chi square test using SPSS software version24.  Results: In Gr A 90 out of 100 mothers could establish breast feeding. Out of 10, 2 developed mastitis. In Gr B 60 out of 92 established breast feeding. Of the 32 remaining mothers,18 developed mastitis. There was significant improvement in establishment of breast feeding amongst mothers who were counselled/examined during pregnancy (The chi-square statistic is 17.2204. The p-value is .000033). The incidence of lactational mastitis was significantly lower in GrA (The chi-square statistic is 4.0139. The p-value is .045128). Conclusion: Predelivery counselling and evaluation of nipple abnormalities (and appropriate measures) improves establishment of lactation and reduction of lactational mastitis/ breast abscess.