Amniotic Membrane Transplantation versus Conjunctival Autograft for Pterygium: A Narrative Review

Amniotic Membrane vs Conjunctival Autograft for Pterygium

Abstract

Pterygium is a common ocular-surface disorder in which fibrovascular conjunctival tissue extends across the limbus onto the cornea. Chronic ultraviolet exposure is the most consistently reported environmental risk factor, although age, outdoor occupation, latitude, wind, dust, and ocular-surface irritation also contribute. To compare conjunctival autograft (CAG) and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) after pterygium excision, with emphasis on recurrence, healing, complications, and clinical indications. This narrative review synthesizes the references supplied in the original manuscript and additional peer-reviewed literature identified for this revision. Results: CAG generally provides lower recurrence than AMT, particularly at six months and in recurrent disease, but it consumes healthy conjunctiva. AMT is useful when conjunctiva must be preserved, when the defect is large, or when ocular-surface reconstruction is required. CAG is usually preferred for routine primary pterygium, whereas AMT remains a valuable alternative in selected patients. Surgical technique, case selection, postoperative care, and adequate follow-up strongly influence outcomes.