Asian Journal of Medical Research

Association of Diabetic Retinopathy and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Patients in Mathura District

Nitin Singh Salaria — 2019-02-13

Background: It is estimated that diabetes mellitus affects 4 percent of the world’s population, almost half of whom have some degree of diabetic retinopathy at any given time. Elevated serum lipid levels are associated with an increased risk of retinal hard exudate in persons with diabetic retinopathy. Therefore the current study was undertaken to determine the association of serum lipid profile with diabetic retinopathy and its severity. Subjects and Methods: One hundred fifty diabetic patients, out of these, 75 diabetic patients with retinopathy served as the study group I and 75 diabetic patients with no retinopathy formed group II (control group). Simultaneously, 75 age and sex matched healthy subjects were also studied as controls (group III). Serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum low density lipoprotein and serum high density lipoprotein were measured by using enzymatic method and autoanylyser. Fasting blood sugar and post prandial blood sugar were estimated by using GOD POD method. Results: Most of the patients in Group I had some degree of visual impairment. However there was no statistical significance with p >0.05. The mean value of total cholesterol was higher in both group I and group II with value being higher in group1 (229.09mg/dl) as compared to group II (215.32mg/dl). Triglyceride levels also followed the similar trend with group I having mean value of 238.95mg/dl and group II having 179.93 mg/dl. But only total cholesterol value had statistical significance p < 0.05. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated statistically significant correlation between diabetic retinopathy and hypercholesterolemia. Increased cholesterol level was significantly associated with the occurrence of all grades of retinopathy especially severe NPDR, very severe NPDR and PDR. No correlation was found between lipid profile and visual acuity. These data suggest that hyperlipidaemia should be promptly treated in diabetic patients.

A Comparative Evaluation between Fixation Techniques Using Lag Screws and Mini Plates in the Treatment of Parasymphysis Fracture.

Harsh Kumar — 2019-02-13

Background: Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the results of lag screws and mini plates in treatment of parasymphysis fracture. Subjects and Methods: Forty patients of age group 20-45 yr old with clinical and radiological evidence of the traumatic injury to the parasymphysis were included in this study and were randomly divided in two groups. In group A––two 2.5 mm lag screws were placed in 20 patients and in group B––two 2.5 mm mini plates were placed in 20 patients. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 15. Results: The majority of patients in Group A, the time needed to complete the procedure ranges from 60 to 90 min (65%), while for the time range from 60 to 90 (55%) and 90 to 120 min (35%) in Group B. The difference in time required for completion of the procedures between the two groups was found to be statistically significant. In Group A, the duration of post-operative swelling varies as it is minimum for 5 days in 13 patients (65%) and maximum 15 days in 3 patients (15%). In Group B, swelling was present for minimum 5 days in 14 patients (70%) and maximum 15 days in 2 patients (10%) Conclusion: Although the sample size is less to reach to any conclusion, the results of our study suggest that the use of lag screws in the fixation of mandibular fractures can be a very demanding procedures as lag screw technique for Parasymphysis fracture provide several advantages over Mini plates.

Study on Single Dose Preoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis versus Routine Long Term Postoperative Prophylaxis in Elective General Surgical Cases

Chandra Sekhar Chevuturu — 2019-02-13

Background: The preventive effect of the routine use of preoperative surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) on the occurrence of surgical site infections (SSI) prior to non-clean and implant surgery has long been recognized. Subjects and Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in the study and divided in to Group A and Group B. Group A contains patients with 1 g of cefotaxime sodium intravenously, that is, single dose was given 1 h before induction of anesthesia and Group B contains patients who were given first dose at 1 h before induction of anesthesia, and subsequent doses were given at an interval of 12 h after surgery for 5 days, that is, multiple dose. Results: This case comparative study were conducted in 100 cases, out of which 50 was included in Group A & 50 was included in Group B. In group A & B different surgical procedure have been done during the study period which is shown in table 1. In group A & B hernioplasty was done in 28% of total cases followed by other procedure. Conclusion: In can be concluded that single preoperative dose of cefotaxime sodium is cost-effective and is as effective as multiple-dose prophylaxis. In elective general surgical cases, it is a reliable method of prophylaxis.

Study on Clinical Profile and Surgical Management of Cases of Primary Vaginal Hydrocele

Prabhat Ranjan — 2019-02-13

Background: Hydrocele is one of the common surgical conditions seen in tropical countries. The present study was conducted to assess the clinical profile and outcomes of surgical management of primary vaginal hydrocele. Subjects and Methods: The present hospital based cross-sectional study was done on patients with scrotal swelling incorporating the testis and positive for transillumination. Detail history of the illness, clinical examination and laboratory investigations were recorded. Results: Most of the patients presented within one year. Right side was commonly involved. Post-operative pain and scrotal edema were the complications commonly seen. Conclusion: Post-operative pain was the most common complication followed by edema and hematoma.

The Possibility of APE1/Ref-1 as a Biomarker in the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease

Vipul Bhasin — 2019-02-13

Background: Coronary Artery Disease, was the leading cause of mortality globally resulting in more than 7 million deaths annually. APE1/Ref-1 is a multifunctional protein that is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Objective: To investigate the possibility of APE1/Ref-1 as a biomarker in the detection of Coronary Artery Disease in Indian population. Subjects and Methods: 100 subjects were divided into two groups of cases and controls. The Case group had Fifty patients diagnosed of Coronary Artery Disease on the basis of Clinical findings with Electrocardiography, Biochemical Markers, Echocardiography and Angiogram(wherever possible) attending the OPD of Department of Internal Medicine of SGT Hospital. Fifty age and gender matched healthy individuals constituted the control group. The data was statistically analyzed by using Student’s t-test and P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The difference in the mean of case and control values of APE1/Ref-1 is statistically significant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that APE1/Ref-1 has a positive shows positive correlation with in patients of CAD.

Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Calvarial Thickness

Ankur Shah — 2019-02-13

Background: Majority of the cranial bones are characterized as flat bones and can be recognized because of their layered bony structure whereas the cancellous bone layer, is known as diploe, and it lies between two layers of dense cortex. The advent of Computed tomography has revolutionized the technology of imaging and diagnosis of the calvarium during the last few years. The present study was done to evaluate the calvarial thickness by CT. Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional observational study, was carried out on a total of 178 subjects undergoing CT Scan of Head in the department of Radiology. The frontal bone was divided into lower, middle and upper third. Similarly, the parietal and occipital bones were also divided into three parts namely anterior, middle and posterior third. All the data was arranged in a tabulated form and analyzed using SPSS software. Student t test was used for comparison. Probability value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 38.98 years (Range 17 to 76 years). The posterior 3 rd parietal thickness amongst males was 4.60 +0.91 and females was 5.54 +1.63. Difference of calvarial thickness between male and female at this point was statistically significant. The anterior 3 rd parietal thickness on right side was 4.89 +0.79 and on left side was 4.45 +0.93. There was a significant difference between the two. Conclusion: The present study shows that the thickness of anterior third of the parietal bone on the right side was more than on the left side amongst both males and females. It also shows that the posterior 3rd parietal thickness among female was more than males.