Asian Journal of Medical Research

Comparison of Recovery Time in Patients Undergoing Transradial Versus Transfemoral Access for Coronary Angiography and Intervention

Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Transradial access (TRA) and transfemoral access (TFA) are commonly used vascular access routes for coronary angiography. Differences in post-procedural pain, comfort, and access-site complications may influence patient recovery. Subjects and Methods: A prospective comparative observational study was conducted in the Cath Lab, Department of Cardiology, Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Jaipur, from March 2026 to July 2026. The study included 40 adult patients undergoing elective coronary angiography, with 20 patients in the TRA group and 20 in the TFA group. Data regarding demographic characteristics, access-site bleeding, hematoma, post-procedural pain, and patient comfort were collected using a structured case record form. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS; 0–10), and comfort was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: The TRA group demonstrated lower post-procedural pain than the TFA group (4.90 ± 1.65 vs. 7.85 ± 0.59; p < 0.001). Patient comfort was significantly higher in the TRA group (3.40 ± 0.82 vs. 2.30 ± 0.66; p < 0.001). Access-site bleeding occurred in 5.0% of TRA patients compared with 15.0% of TFA patients, while hematoma occurred in 0% and 10.0%, respectively. These differences in complications were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study, TRA was associated with significantly lower post-procedural pain and greater patient comfort, with a lower observed frequency of access-site bleeding and hematoma than TFA. TRA may therefore provide a more favorable post-procedural recovery experience following elective coronary angiography.

Association of Gallstone-Induced Pancreatitis with Gallstone Characteristics

Mithun Sah, Ashok Kumar Singh, Rajul Rastogi — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Gallstone disease is among the most prevalent hepatobiliary disorders worldwide and represents a leading etiology of acute pancreatitis. While gallstones are a well-established cause of pancreatitis, the precise influence of gallstone characteristics particularly size and number on the occurrence and severity of gallstone-induced pancreatitis remains incompletely defined. This study aimed to evaluate the association between gallstone characteristics and gallstone induced pancreatitis, and to compare these findings between patients with and without pancreatitis. Subjects and Methods: A hospital-based observational analytical study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India. A total of 184 participants were enrolled: 92 patients with gallstone-induced pancreatitis (cases) and 92 patients with symptomatic gallstone disease without pancreatitis (controls). Gallstone size and number were assessed by abdominal ultrasonography. Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was established using the Revised Atlanta Classification. Statistical associations were determined using Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A female predominance was noted in both groups. Mean gallstone size was significantly larger in cases than controls (12.6 ± 5.2 mm vs. 5.8 ± 2.4 mm; p<0.001). Gallstone number alone was not significantly associated with pancreatitis (p=0.89); however, the combined effect of stone size and multiplicity demonstrated a highly significant association (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified gallstone size ≤5 mm (Adjusted OR=4.82; p<0.001) and multiple stones (Adjusted OR=2.96; p=0.001) as independent predictors of pancreatitis. Mild pancreatitis was the most common presentation (63.0%), followed by moderately severe (26.1%) and severe (10.9%). Larger stones and stone multiplicity were significantly associated with greater disease severity and higher serum amylase levels (p<0.001). Conclusion: Gallstone size and multiplicity are important independent predictors of both the occurrence and severity of gallstone-induced pancreatitis. Routine ultrasonographic assessment of these parameters may facilitate risk stratification, guide prophylactic intervention, and help reduce pancreatitis-related morbidity.

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation versus Conjunctival Autograft for Pterygium: A Narrative Review

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Pterygium is a common ocular-surface disorder in which fibrovascular conjunctival tissue extends across the limbus onto the cornea. Chronic ultraviolet exposure is the most consistently reported environmental risk factor, although age, outdoor occupation, latitude, wind, dust, and ocular-surface irritation also contribute. To compare conjunctival autograft (CAG) and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) after pterygium excision, with emphasis on recurrence, healing, complications, and clinical indications. This narrative review synthesizes the references supplied in the original manuscript and additional peer-reviewed literature identified for this revision. Results: CAG generally provides lower recurrence than AMT, particularly at six months and in recurrent disease, but it consumes healthy conjunctiva. AMT is useful when conjunctiva must be preserved, when the defect is large, or when ocular-surface reconstruction is required. CAG is usually preferred for routine primary pterygium, whereas AMT remains a valuable alternative in selected patients. Surgical technique, case selection, postoperative care, and adequate follow-up strongly influence outcomes.

Recent Advances in The Management of Diabetic Macular Edema

Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Diabetic macular oedema (DME) is a vision-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy caused by breakdown of the retinal vascular barrier and accumulation of intraretinal or subretinal fluid. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has transformed diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy remains the principal treatment for centre-involving DME, but repeated injections create a substantial burden for patients and health-care systems. Recent developments aim to improve durability without compromising vision. Faricimab, a bispecific antibody targeting VEGF-A and angiopoietin-2, permits personalised dosing intervals of up to 16 weeks in appropriately responding eyes. The ranibizumab port-delivery system (PDS) provides continuous drug delivery with refill exchanges every 24 weeks and was noninferior to monthly ranibizumab in the PAGODA randomised trial. Corticosteroid implants remain useful in selected eyes, particularly when anti-VEGF response is inadequate, although cataract formation and intraocular-pressure elevation require careful monitoring. This review summarises current evidence, practical treatment considerations, limitations, and future directions in sustained drug delivery for DME.

Synthesis of Statin Drug from Fungal Sources and their Preclinical Studies

Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Statins are a type of medication that helps to lower high cholesterol (Hypercholesterolemia). Statins generally fall into three groups: natural statins that come straight from the fungi, semi-synthetic statins, which are the modified version of natural statins, and fully synthetic statins, which are fully made in labs. Some statins come from natural sources. They are made from the fermentation of certain fungi they are, Monascus species, Penicillium species, and Aspergillus species. Lovastatin and Pravastatin are naturally obtained Statins. Hydroxymethyl glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase is the enzyme that is used in cholesterol biosynthesis. For lowering of cholesterol and triglyceride levels, nicotinic acid and fibrates were the options before the discovery of statins. Not only do statins reduce the cholesterol level, but they also treat various types of disorders such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The studies of statins in animals take place before the clinical trials.