Asian Journal of Medical Research

Efficacy of Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers in the Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2019-06-13T13:29:33+00:00

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the most common benign tumour in men. The present study was planned to assess quantitatively the symptom improvement with Terazosin and with Prazosin in patients with symptomatic BPH. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 30 patients. The patients were studied under two subgroups, allotted at random, each had 15 patients. The sub group A patients received prazosin GITS tablet and sub group B patients received Terazosin. The urinary symptom scores were measured by using AUA symptom index, comprising seven equally weighted questions addressing the severity of urinary symptoms. Results: The pre drug therapy symptom score in group A & B were comparable and there was no significant difference between the two subgroup of patients (P > .05). On comparison of improvement in AUA score between Group A and Group B, no significant difference was found (P > .05). There was also no significant difference in improvement of obstructive and irritative subscores between the two sub groups. Group B patients had significant reduction of the post void residual urine following treatment. Conclusion: Prazosin GITS is an effective formulation of Prazosin, which ensures single daily use of this agent. Prazosin GITS and Terazosin are equally effective in improving the bothersome symptoms of BPH in symptomatic patients.

A Study to Evaluate the Role of Hypokalemia in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Prospective Hospital Based Study

2019-05-10T05:59:29+00:00

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common comorbidity following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and CHF complicating AMI has an unfavourable outcome. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between low serum potassium levels and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Hence; under the light of above obtained results, we planned the present study to assess the role of hypokalemia in AMI patients. Subjects and Methods: A total of 38 AMI patients and 38 healthy controls were included in the present study. Only patients within the age group of 20 years to 60 years were included. Detailed demographic and clinical data of all the subjects was obtained. Fresh blood samples were obtained from all the subjects and were sent to the laboratory for assessment. Serum potassium levels were analyzed by using an auto-analyzer. Results: Mean serum potassium levels among the subjects of the AMI group was found to be 85.6 mmol/L, which was significantly lower than that of mean serum potassium levels of the subjects of the control group, which was found to be 93.4 mmol/L. 20 subjects of the AMI group had hypokalemia. Therefore, prevalence of hypokalemia among the subjects of the AMI group was 52.6%. Conclusion: AMI patients are significantly associated with hypokalemia, thereby, indicating its role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

The Importance of EEG Abnormalities Detection in Children with Febrile Seizure: A Combined Approach

2019-05-10T09:32:20+00:00

Background: Febrile seizures (FS) are the common disorder in 3-month- to 6-year-old children, with an incidence varying between 2% and 5%. It is associated with fever, without evidence of intracranial infection or a definite cause. Subjects and Methods: Selection of cases of febrile seizure were done according to guidelines definition given by national institute of health consensus (NIH) and the International League against epilepsy. 50 Children with febrile seizure admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit at S. P. Medical College & Hospital were selected for the study. EEG was done with sedation. Results: Most common EEG abnormality is slow waves in 35% followed by sharp waves in 30 %. Generalized EEG abnormality is seen in 64%. Conclusion: Most common epileptiform discharge was of generalized epileptiform activity, and most common EEG abnormality is slow waves.

A Hospital Based Prospective Study to Assess the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Known Population

2019-06-04T15:03:00+00:00

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a form of anemia due to the lack of sufficient iron to form normal red blood cells. Iron deficiency, the most common cause, is responsible for 50% of all anemias. Hence; we assessed the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among known population. Subjects and Methods: The present research aimed for evaluating the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. Sample size included assessment of a total of 220 patients who reported to the department of internal medicine of the hospital for routine medical checkup. A self-framed questionnaire was made and was given to all the subjects for collecting the demographic details. Blood samples were obtained from all the subjects and were sent to central laboratory for the assessment of blood hemoglobin levels. WHO criteria, described in the past literature, was used for categorizing the subjects with presence of iron deficiency anemia. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in the present study was found to be 11.36 percent. Majority of the subjects with iron deficiency anemia were found to be more than 35 years of age. Iron deficiency anemia was found to be more common among females and among illiterates. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is a frequency encountered pathologic condition among general population, with especially high prevalence among females and illiterate population.

Epilepsia Partialis Continua as a Symptom of Alcohol Withdrawal in a Type 2 Diabetic Patient.

2019-06-16T09:27:32+00:00

Epilepsia partialis continua is a rare form of focal epilepsy or focal status epilepticus which mostly involves motor component. It leads to arrhythmic muscle jerks for a prolonged period of time. It can present as a single episode or multiple repetitive episodes. There are multiple etiological factors including vascular lesions and tumors. Presenting as alcohol withdrawal in a type 2 Diabetic patient makes it a rare phenomenon. We report a case of 55-year-old male with Epilepsia partialis continua after alcohol abstinence. Familiarity and diagnosis of this rare event is important because the treatment depends on the underlying etiology.

Evaluation of Histopathogical Changes in Gallbladder Mucosa in Gallbladder Stone Patients: An Institutional Based Prospective Study

2019-05-10T09:09:21+00:00

Background: Mucus, calcium and lipids act together and lead to the formation of the gallstones. Gallbladder and biliary tract epithelium is unprotected from the high concentrations of harmful compounds both exogenous and endogenous that are excreted into the primary bile. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the histopathogical Changes in Gallbladder Mucosa in Gallbladder Stone Patients. Subjects and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, JLN Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. For histopathological examination, Gall bladder was sectioned from neck to fundus and carefully washed with 0.15 N saline. All the data thus obtained was arranged in a tabulated form and analysed using SPSS software. Percentage of the whole data was calculated. Results: There were a combination of alterations observed in single bladder, some part was normal while the other showed signs of hyperplasia. Normal epithelium was seen in 20% cases, there were 44.7% cases that showed epithelial hyperplasia. Conclusion: Pathological alteration on the epithelium of gall bladder plays a pivotal role in the gall stone formation and if unmanaged or untreated it can lead to dysplastic changes and ultimately carcinoma in situ.

A Prospective Study to Assess the Bone Marrow Aspiration for Findings of Patients with Hematological Disorders

2019-06-13T12:41:37+00:00

Background: Examination of bone marrow is beneficial procedure for the diagnosis of hematological and non-hematological diseases. Bone marrow aspiration singly is usually sufficive for the diagnosis of nutritional anemia, majority of the acute leukemia and Immune thrombocytic disorders. The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the bone marrow aspiration findings amongst subjects with hematological disorders. Subjects and Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in the department of pathology, Government Medical College, Dungarpur, Rajasthan (India) during a period of 2 years. Amongst all the subjects, peripheral smears, reticulocyte counts, sickling test and hemogram were obtained. Special stains Periodic acid Schiff staining was done for all subjects with acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and Gaucher’s disorder. Block positivity was shown amongst ALL cases. In subjects with Gaucher’s disorder, Gaucher cells showed wrinkled tissue paper appearance using PAS staining. All the data thus obtained was arranged in a tabulated form and analyzed using SPSS software. Percentage of all the data was obtained. Results: The present study bone marrow aspiration was performed amongst 110 subjects and bone marrow biopsy was performed amongst 54 subjects. There were 48.2% cases of anemia, 14.5% (n=16) cases of acute leukemia. In 10.9% of cases myeloproliferative disorders were observed and 1.8% cases had myelodysplastic syndrome. There were 20.4% cases of hyoplastic anemia. There were 11.1% subjects that showed normal results. NHL deposits and myelofibrosis was seen in 5.6% cases each. ALL was diagnosed in 1 case. Conclusion: Aspiration of bone marrow is important for diagnosing, determining the prognosis and therapeutic response of different types of hematological and non hematological conditions.

A Small Dose Clonidine Prolongs Post-Operative Analgesia after Sciatic –Femoral Nerve Block with 0.75% Ropivacaine for Foot Surgery: A Hospital Based Study

2019-05-10T09:18:22+00:00

Background: To understand the effect of small dose clonidine with 0.75% ropivacaine for foot surgery, Hallux valgus repair is a minor surgical procedure, which leads to severe pain post surgicaly. For this reason, regional anaesthesia along with long-acting local anaesthetics has been advised. Subjects and Methods: All patients were screened for any other systemic disorder. Any patients with diabetes, hypertension or thyroid issues were also not included in the study. Patients of age group 18-75 were included in the surgery. The patients were divided randomly into two groups. Group A patients (16 patients) were injected with 1 μg/kg clonidine to 0.75% ropivacaine during combined sciatic-femoral nerve block for the repair of hallux valgus, whereas group B patients (16 patients) were injected with only 0.75% ropivacaine during the repair procedure. Results: It was observed that, not much difference was seen in the time required to achieve surgical anaesthesia between the patients receiving only 0.75% ropivacaine which was 10 minutes approx. Conclusion: As a result of this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study demonstrate that adding 1 μg/kg clonidine to 0.75% ropivacaine has no major effect on onset time and quality of combined sciatic-femoral nerve block.

Comparison of Complications that Arise after DT and FCLT in the Treatment of Post-Acne Scars

2019-05-23T17:29:03+00:00

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease involving blockage and/or inflammation of pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and their accompanying sebaceous gland). Acne can present - non-inflammatory lesions (open and closed comedones), inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules, and nodules), and varying degrees of scarring or a mixture of both, affecting mostly the face but also the back and chest. Acne leads to significant morbidity that is associated with residual scarring and psychological disturbances such as poor self-image, depression, and anxiety, which leads to a negative impact on quality of life. Subjects and Methods: Total 200 patients divided into two groups of 100 each. One group was treated with dermaroller every four weeks for a period of 24 weeks and the other group was treated with fractional CO2 laser again every four weeks for a period of 24 weeks. Results: Six patients in dermaroller and nine patients in fractional CO2 laser group developed hyperpigmentation post procedure. Conclusion: Itching is not seen as a complication in the treatment with derma-roller, but in case of fractional CO2 laser group, a very small percentage of patients experienced itching a few days after the treatment due to peeling off of the scab that was formed after treatment.

Efficacy of Mifepristone versus GNRH Analogue in the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma- A Comparative Study

2019-05-30T13:31:09+00:00

Background: Uterine fibroids also called as uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the uterus. Most women develop one or more uterine leiomyoma during their reproductive years. Hence; we assessed the efficacy of Mifepristone 25mg versus Inj.Leuprolide acetate 3.75mg in reducing size of uterine myoma. Subjects and Methods: The study was planned for detecting difference of 15 percent in the outcome variables between the two groups and Standard deviation of 156.00, with 90% statistical power and 5% level of significance, the sample size was calculated to be 70 for the study. The study subjects were randomly assigned into 2 groups of 35 patients each. Group 1: Patients treated with Tablet Mifepristone 25mg once daily for 3 months; Group 2: Patients treated with Inj. Leuprolide acetate depot preparation 3.75mg IM once a month for 3 months. Demographic data, history, clinical examination, details of drug prescription, laboratory investigations and imaging reports were recorded in the study proforma. Various clinical assessment parameters were assessed. Results: After three months of treatment, there was a marked relief with significant decrease in visual analog scale score in both the groups (p <0.001). 21 patients (60%) in group 1 and 25 patients (71%) in group 2 presented with mild anemia at the beginning of the study. After three months of treatment, there was a significant (p <0.001) rise in the hemoglobin and hematocrit values in both the groups. There was an increase in mean hemoglobin level by 2.9gm/dl in mifepristone group and 3gm/dl in leuprolide group. Conclusion: Treatment with either mifepristone or leuprolide acetate in uterine leiomyoma is safe and causes significant but temporary reductions in uterine size and myoma related symptoms.