Asian Journal of Medical Research

A Comparison of Serum Immunoglobulins Lvelels in Aggressive Periodontitis and Chronic Periodontitis

2025-07-07T08:44:30+00:00

Background: Classification of 2017 of Periodontal and Peri-Implant disease and Conditions by AAP and EFP, Aggressive periodontitis and Chronic periodontitis was grouped under a single category. Unlike 1999workshop where Periodontitis was reclassified as chronic, aggressive (localised and generalised), necrotising and as a manifestation of systemic disease wherein Aggressive periodontitis and Chronic periodontitis were differentiated on the age of onset, rapid rate of progression, the composition of subgingival microflora, familial aggregation, racial influence and immuneresponse. In this study we aim to show a statistically significant difference in serum antibodies level of both Aggressive periodontitis and Chronic periodontitis, which could be suggestive of difference in implicated primary pathogen and frequency and tissue invasion of microorganism. Subjects and Methods: Two groups consisting of 10 patients each were formed. Group A consisted of patients with aggressive periodontitis and group B consisted of chronic periodontitis, blood samples were taken from both the groups and checked for IGG, IGA, IGM titres. Results: Both the groups were compared for the levels of immunoglobulin levels, group A showed a statistically significant raise in the levels in comparison to group B. While IGG levels were beyond the normal levels in group A. Conclusion: As treatment of aggressive periodontitis should differ from that of chronic periodontitis on the basis of immunological response. Hence clubbing Aggressive periodontitis and Chronic periodontitis in same category in The New Classification from the 2017 can not be justified.

Efficacy of Online Versus Offline Group Exercise Program in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2025-07-07T08:48:01+00:00

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of pain and disability among older adults. Exercise therapy is a primary non-pharmacological intervention for managing OA symptoms. With the rise of digital health platforms, the effectiveness of online rehabilitation programs compared to traditional offline exercise requires further evaluation. Objective: To compare the efficacy of online versus offline group exercise programs in reducing pain, as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Subjects and Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 160 participants with radiographically confirmed Grade I–III knee OA. Participants were randomized to either an online (n=76) or offline (n=84) group. Both groups followed an identical structured six-week exercise program. Pain levels were assessed using the VAS at baseline, three weeks, and six weeks. Randomization was concealed using the Sequentially Numbered, Opaque, Sealed Envelopes (SNOSE) method. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Teerthanker Mahaveer University (Approval No.: PM/ETHICAL/PT/2023/004). Trial registration was not applicable. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant reductions in VAS scores over six weeks (p<0.0001). The offline group showed a significantly greater reduction at the third week (p=0.02) and sixth week (p<0.001) compared to the online group. At six weeks, the mean VAS reduction was 5.48 points in the offline group versus 5.03 points in the online group. Conclusion: Both online and offline group exercise programs effectively reduced pain among individuals with knee OA. However, offline programs resulted in faster and more substantial pain relief, suggesting that in-person supervision may enhance early clinical outcomes.

Hyponatremia in Patients with Cirrhosis of Liver Admitted in the Medicine Ward of SBMCH- Study of 100 Cases

2025-07-07T08:52:03+00:00

Background: Hyponatremia is a common and significant complication in cirrhosis, primarily resulting from altered fluid and electrolyte regulation. It is associated with advanced liver disease and poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic significance of hyponatremia in cirrhotic patients with ascites at Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital (SBMCH), Barisal, Bangladesh. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of hyponatremia in cirrhotic patients with ascites, its relationship with ascites severity, diuretic therapy, liver dysfunction markers, and its impact on clinical outcomes. Subjects and Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted over six months (January to June 2012) at SBMCH, including 100 cirrhotic patients with ascites. Data were collected using a structured case record form, documenting demographics, clinical symptoms, biochemical parameters, and sodium levels. Diuretic therapy and ascites characteristics were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with p-values ≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 100 patients studied, 56% had serum sodium concentrations ≤130 mmol/L, indicating a high prevalence of hyponatremia. Patients with lower sodium levels had more severe ascites, with 100% of those in the ≤130 mmol/L group presenting with refractory ascites. Diuretic therapy, primarily consisting of spironolactone and furosemide, was administered to 84% of the cohort. Serum albumin levels were significantly lower in patients with sodium concentrations ≤130 mmol/L. Additionally, the need for paracentesis was more frequent in patients with sodium ≤130 mmol/L, reflecting the greater severity of fluid retention in these individuals. Conclusion: Hyponatremia is prevalent in cirrhotic patients, especially those with refractory ascites, and is associated with more severe ascites, hypoalbuminemia, and worsened liver function. Effective management of hyponatremia is critical for improving outcomes in these patients. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind hyponatremia and its impact on liver transplantation outcomes.

Correlation Between Less Foetal Movement with Biophysical Profile Score

2025-07-07T08:54:43+00:00

Background: Fetal Movement counts have been recommended over the past 3 decades to women in the 2^nd half of pregnancy, as a way of monitoring fetal wellbeing. The majority of women have favoured the activity of monitoring the fetal movement. A reduction of fetal movement's causes concern and anxiety, is a common indication for the assessment of fetal wellbeing. Objectives: This study was done for sonographic evaluation of a patient presenting with less fetal movement as well as to determine the importance of the Biophysical profile (BPP) when compared with conventional monitoring e. CTG only or Modified Biophysical profile (MBPP). Subjects and Methods: The cross-sectional Observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from June 2022 to May 2023. A total of 100 female were included in the study. One hundred women having singleton pregnancy of gestational age ≥34 weeks with complaints of less fetal movement and intact membrane with no labor pain were interviewed and finally biophysical profile done. Subjects were grouped on the basis of biophysical profile score. Group-1: Subjects with normal biophysical profile score, Group-II: Subjects with equivocal score, Group-III: Subjects with abnormal score. Data were collected over a period of 12 months and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, the mean age was 29.5±4.4 years and maximum number was found in the age group of 25-29 years. The mean (±SD) gestational age was 36.2±1.5 weeks with ranged from 34 to 40 weeks. Lower abdominal pain, history of sub fertility, history of previous c/s and dysuria were common presenting complaints in this study group. Less fetal movement was more common in primi gravida and para 1. A total 58 cases underwent elective delivery and most (72.4%) of them had abnormal and equivocal biophysical profile score. The remaining 42 patients of normal score were allowed to go term delivery. Among them outcome of 95.2% neonates were good and only 4.8% neonates were referred to scabu. Conclusion: Low biophysical profile scoring is proportionately associated with the poor outcome of neonates. BPP scoring helps the clinician to take decision for elective delivery of subjects and future planning of neonatal resuscitation. Key words: Less Foetal Movement, Biophysical Profile Score.

Association of Glaucoma with Hypertension and Diabetes: A Single-Center Study

2025-07-07T08:58:13+00:00

Background: Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive optic neuropathy, a common eye disease that causes structural and functional damage to the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain. It remains one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, including in Bangladesh. Characterized by optic nerve damage and corresponding visual field loss, glaucoma often progresses silently until significant vision has been lost, making early detection critical for effective management. Among the known risk factors, increasing attention has been focused on systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension—both of which are prevalent and growing public health challenges in Bangladesh. Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder with rising incidence in the Bangladeshi population, is associated with various ocular complications. Recent evidence suggests that diabetic individuals may be at higher risk of developing glaucoma, particularly primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), due to microvascular damage, impaired auto regulation of ocular blood flow, and neurodegenerative changes in the optic nerve. Hypertension, similarly widespread in the country, has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. It is hypothesized that chronic elevated blood pressure may contribute to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and reduced optic nerve perfusion. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the association of glaucoma in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Methods: This is an observational study. The present study was conducted among 80 diagnosed Glaucoma patients also suffering either for diabetes or hypertension or both attending the ophthalmology outpatient department of BNSB Zahurul Haque Eye Hospital for routine glaucoma follow-up for the duration of the period from January 2022 to December 2023 to assess the association of severity of glaucoma in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Data was entered in MS Excel and Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS-24 version. Results: According to the age of 80 Patients aged <20 to ≥50 years. Here according to Age distribution, 9(11.25%) were 20-29, 13(16.25%) were 30-39, 17(21.87%) were 40-49, and 41(50.62%) were ≥50. The total study population was 80 patients, according to gender 42(48.13%) were Male, 38(51.87%) were Female. The Glaucoma patients with diabetes, hypertension and both were 53%, 35% and 12% respectively. Severity of VFD in Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension according to severe, moderate and mild was 7.3%, 4.5% and 0.8% respectively. The p-value was 0.0046. Conclusions: Glaucoma patients with HTN, DM, or both were found to have more severe. Patients with these risk factors could represent “high-risk patients” with glaucoma. Patients with HTN and DM, or both may require evaluations on a more frequent basis to access the progression/severity of Glaucoma.

Sodium Benzoate: A D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor (Zubilance®) Added to Anti-psychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia Management: An Open-Label Study

2025-07-07T09:01:25+00:00

Background: Schizophrenia is treated mainly by antipsychotic medication, although one still has to deal with cognitive deficits and suboptimal quality of life often persists. This study evaluates the efficacy of Zubilance®, a sodium benzoate formulation and D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor-as an add-on treatment with antipsychotics-to improve symptom severity, cognitive function, and quality of life in schizophrenia patients. Subjects and Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial with a study duration of 6 weeks. The study group received Zubilance® (500 mg sodium benzoate) in combination with antipsychotics, while the control group received antipsychotics only. Outcomes included symptom severity evaluated by PANSS and CGI scale, cognitive functioning assessed by the MoCA, and quality of life evaluated using the WHOQOL scale. Results: The study group demonstrated a significant improvement in symptom severity, indicated by lower PANSS and CGI scores compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Cognitive function, assessed via MoCA, improved notably in the Zubilance® group, suggesting cognitive enhancement with the add-on treatment. WHOQOL results showed improved quality of life in the study group, correlating with reduced symptoms and cognitive benefits. Conclusion: Our study shows that addition of Zubilance® (Sodium benzoate) to standard antipsychotic drugs treatment improves the patient outcome with enhanced symptom control, cognitive function and quality of life.