Biochemical Profile of Metabolic Syndrome Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a cluster of interconnected factors that directly increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), other forms of cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases (CVD), and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic Syndrome (MS): CKD and MetS are worldwide public health problems and increasing in incidence and lead to significant cardiovascular and stroke related morbidity and mortality. All individual components of the MetS are leading to CKD and development of Albuminuria and decreased GFR. [6] Several studies have discussed the relationship between MS and CKD and found Metabolic Syndrome and CKD share a complex, bidirectional relationship. Subjects and Methods: This is a Hospital based observational study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, among the patients who met with the Criteria of metabolic syndrome. Body Mass Index (BMI) will be calculated by dividing the subject's weight in kilograms by the square of his or her height in meters. The blood pressure will be measured using manual mercury sphygmomanometer. Two recordings will be taken in the sitting position at an interval of 5 minutes. The average of the two readings will be taken as the final measurement. Metabolic syndrome will be diagnosed by the presence of three or more of the five criteria of the World Health Organization. CKD will be defined according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) - eGFR formula. Results: Class-I obesity patients were major participants of the study, but there was no big difference from normal to abnormal eGFR. In normal eGFR cases, 77.8% of the study subjects having HTN where as in abnormal eGFR cases, HTN was present in 90.5% of the subjects. It was showing statistically significant (p=0.04). In normal eGFR cases, 82.3% of the study subjects having DM where as in abnormal eGFR cases, DM was present in 96.8% of the subjects. It was showing statistically significant. Around 86.9% of the patients were having abnormal Triglycerides fulfilling the inclusion criteria of metabolic syndrome, and one third of them were having CKD, It was also showing statistically significant (0.28). Approximately 80% of patients were having abnormally low HDL levels in who included in this study, probably statistically HDL level could not determined. Conclusion: The current study provides new and important information regarding the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and risk of CKD in a representative sample of adult population and suggests that prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome should be an important priority for reducing the prevalence of CKD and its associated disease burden in adult population. Several studies have examined the association between insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and risk of CKD. In conclusion, our study indicates that the metabolic syndrome is a strong and independent risk factor for CKD in general adult population. In addition, there is a graded relationship between the number of the metabolic syndrome components and risk of CKD.