Magnitude of Covid-19 Related Death and Associated Factors Among Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit of Eka Kotebe General Hospital; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020/21

Magnitude of Covid-19 Related Death and Associated Factors

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS CoV2), which is novel strain of Coronavirus. COVID-19 causes illness ranging from asymptomatic to life?threatening that ends up with death. To date, worldwide millions of people have died as a result of COVID 19. Ethiopia is among countries with the highest number of COVID-19 cases. Death related to COVID-19 varied significantly among individual countries/regions.  The objective is to assess the magnitude and factors associated with COVID 19 related death among Intensive Care Unit admission at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, in 2020/21. Subjects and Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted in the period from August 1/2021 to 30/2021. Participants(n=384) were selected using systematic random sampling technique among COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Eka Kotebe General Hospital from April 25/ 2020 to August 30/2021. The data were collected by two trained data collectors using data retrieval form prepared on KoBo toolbox software; then exported to SPSS version 26.0 for analysis. Descriptive univariate results were presented with tables and graphs as well as bivariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to explore significant associated factors to COVID 19 related death among COVID-19 ICU admission, P-value < 0.05. Results: A total of 384 medical records of patients who admitted to Intensive Care Unit with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. The magnitude of death among the study population was 70.8%. The proportion of male and female were 67.4% and 32.6% respectively. The most frequently observed comorbidities among the study population were diabetes (59.4%), hypertension (47.1%), chronic cardiac diseases (19.8%), chronic kidney disease (11.5%) and asthma (6.9%). Diabetes (AOR=1.75 95% CI 1.01-2.56), age group >63years (AOR=2.61 95% CI 1.36-4.99), loss of taste and/ smell sensation [AOR=3.27, 95% CI 1.78-6.01], altered mental status [AOR=3.25, 95% CI 1.54-6.85] and fever [AOR=1.61, 95% CI 1.00-2.61] found significant association with COVID 19 related death P Value < 0.05. Conclusion: The magnitude of death among the study participants was high. Identified significant associated factors were diabetes, increasing age, and clinical factors: such as loss of taste/smell sensation, altered mental status and fever.