Vitamin B12 De?ciency and its Correlations with Clinical, Haematological and Electrophysiological Parameters: Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Odisha

Vitamin B12 Deficiency and its Correlations with Different Parameters

Abstract

Background: Vitamin B12 is also called Cobalamine has vital role for hematopoietic, neurological and cardio vascular function. The objective is to Planned to study the correlation between the levels of vitamin 12 deficiency and its clinical, haematological; and electrophysiological parameters. Subjects and Methods: Present study was a cross sectional observational study which included 50 adult cases of both gender. Case selection was based on clinical feature and supported by laboratory evidences. Results: Total 50 patients were included in the study, male to female ratio was 2.12:1, mean age of presentation was 38.9 years (range 21 - 68 years). The majority of cases 18 (36%) were between 21 - 30 years followed by 11 (22%) of cases between 41 - 50 years. Most were pure vegetarians 33(66%). Most common symptoms were generated weakness, easy fatiguability in all cases (100%) followed by dyspnoea in 40 (80%) cases. Most common non-neurological signs of presentation were pallor all cases (100%), followed by hyperpigmentation of skin and knuckles, glossitis and stomatitis in 26 (52%) and 24 (48%) cases respectively. Severe vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 12 (24%) cases, moderate deficiency in 30 (60%) and mild deficiency in 8(16%) cases. Anaemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia and bicytopenia were found in 50 (100%), 25 (50%), 34 (68%), 22 (44%) and 15 (30%) cases respectively. Neurological features were found in 16 (32%) cases. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with varied multi-systemic manifestations. It is not only a laboratory finding but also an issue of clinical significance to lower morbidity.Its prevalence can not be underestimated in our regoin and should receive approprite attention as regards to treatment and prevention.