Microbial L-Asparaginase and its future prospects

Sivagurunathan Nagarethinam; Anantha Naik Nagappa; Udupa N; Venkata Rao J; Meenashi Vanathi B

Sivagurunathan Nagarethinam Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Manipal University
Anantha Naik Nagappa Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Manipal University
Udupa N Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Manipal University,
Venkata Rao J Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Manipal University
Meenashi Vanathi B L-asparaginase hydrolyses the free L-asparagine and depletes it in blood and selectively drives the leukemic cells to death as these cells cannot synthesize the amino acid on its own. It is used as a first line of therapy for the induction of remission in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Even though the enzyme selectively targets the cancerous cells its usage in the past is greatly affected due to two main reasons viz., immunogenic complications and glutaminase acitivity. Many prokaryotes and eukaryotes were found to produce the L-asparaginase with or without clinical application. Research oriented towards exploration of novel enzyme with clinical significance and without any immunogenic complication has to be accelerated. Challenges in the drug development to deliverable have to be confronted with available advances in the field of biotechnology. This review describes the key issues related to the use of L- asparaginase in therapy and discusses on the development of novel microbial enzyme by bioprocess technology.

Keywords: L- asparaginase, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, immunogenic

Abstract

L-asparaginase hydrolyses the free L-asparagine and depletes it in blood and selectively drives the leukemic cells to death as these cells
cannot synthesize the amino acid on its own. It is used as a first line of therapy for the induction of remission in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Even
though the enzyme selectively targets the cancerous cells its usage in the past is greatly affected due to two main reasons viz., immunogenic
complications and glutaminase acitivity. Many prokaryotes and eukaryotes were found to produce the L-asparaginase with or without clinical
application. Research oriented towards exploration of novel enzyme with clinical significance and without any immunogenic complication has to be
accelerated. Challenges in the drug development to deliverable have to be confronted with available advances in the field of biotechnology. This review
describes the key issues related to the use of L- asparaginase in therapy and discusses on the development of novel microbial enzyme by bioprocess
technology.

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