Asian Journal of Medical Radiological Research

Chest HRCT Assessment of COVID-19 Patients in Vaccinated Versus Non-Vaccinated Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

Pratima Kumari Shah — Mon, 27 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of chest HRCT as a component of the diagnostic process for COVID-19 disease whenever Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing is unavailable; in cases of delayed test results; or in suspected cases with initial negative RT-PCR test results. The study's aims were to assess the severity of lung involvement in COVID-19 infection using HRCT scans and to compare the chest CT severity scores in vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in perspective of the usefulness of HRCT scores in doing so. Subjects and Methods: This study included imaging and hospital data from COVID 19 patients who were treated at a tertiary hospital's and underwent HRCT in Department of Radiodiagnosis between the months of April and December 2021. The study subjects were the COVID 19 patients with HRCT reports and known COVID vaccination status. The HRCT results of the study population were evaluated and recorded separately by radiologist with a experience in chest radiology. The involvement of the right upper, middle, and lower lobes as well as the left upper and lower lobes was scored separately to get the CT severity score. All patients clinical and demographic profiles were retrieved from the hospital database. The student t test, Chi square test, and Fisher exact test were used to test for associations. P values under 0.05 were regarded as significant. Results: In our study, 77.6% of patients non-vaccinated and 22.4% were vaccinated for COVID-19. Out of 195 vaccinated patients, 134 patients had received single dose (15.3%) and 62 have received two doses (7.1%) of COVID-19 vaccine. In our study, the CT severity score, among vaccinated patients was severe, moderate and mild in 12.8%, 23.5% and 20.0% respectively. Also, the CT severity score, among non-vaccinated patients was severe, moderate and mild in 27.9%, 18.9% and 14.8% respectively. The most common finding seen in our study was ground glass opacities among vaccinated patients (30.7%), whereas both (GGO and consolidation) was most common findings in non-vaccinated patients (34.8%). Conclusion: In this retrospective study, patients who received the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (either single or both doses) had lower CT severity scores than non-vaccinated patients. The most accurate method for determining the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia is HRCT.

Prolapsed Lumbar Intervertebral Disease (PLID) Treatment in Acupuncture- A Case Study at Suoxi Acupuncture Hospital in Bangladesh

SM. Shahidul Islam, Hui Hui Li, Sabina Yasmin — Mon, 27 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Low back pain and sciatica are very prevalent medical complaints. As a consequence of these adjustments, fewer hours will be worked and less of a toll will be taken on the national economy. A complete medical checkup is required before starting any kind of therapy for these people. Inadequate medical or surgical therapy may exacerbate symptoms, increasing the likelihood of this occurring. This research aims to learn whether and how acupuncture may improve standard PLID care. Subjects and Methods: This inquiry took place at Suoxi Hospital, Shaan Tower, Chamelibag, Shantinagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A 55-year-old male patient has been complaining of lower back discomfort for the last ten years. It had been seven years since he had found relief from the pain in his lower back, but now he was pain-free. The results of this research suggest that acupuncture may be helpful for those with PLID.

Radiological Assesment of Non-Traumatic Acute Abdomen

Hetal Ahir, Hiral Happani, Anjana Trivedi — Mon, 27 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The acute abdomen refers to the presence of an acute attack of abdominal pain, which may occur suddenly or gradually over a period of several hours, induced by a wide variety of pathological conditions that may require medical or surgical intervention. Patients with acute abdomen are among the largest group presenting into emergency department. Conventional radiography is particularly effective in detecting bowel distention, free intraperitoneal air, abnormal calcification and air fluid levels. Ultrasound however has a valuable role in lesions involving hepatobiliary system, kidney, appendix and pelvis abnormal fluid collections like hemoperitoneum, peritonitis, abscess etc. Ultrasound has become firmly established as a useful, safe, non-invasive, portable means in evaluating patients with acute abdominal pain. CT scan is particularly useful in evaluation of patients with equivocal sonographic findings or for better evaluation of conditions already diagnosed by ultrasound. Now a day more number of patients presenting with acute abdomen are investigated radiologically for earlier and more detail preoperative diagnosis. surgery has become more safe and curative.

MRI Assessment of Perianal Fistula

Mon, 27 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000

An Analysis of High Resolution Computed Tomography Chest Imaging Features of Covid-19 Pneumonia in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients

Salavakam Aishitha, M.G. Ravi, Rama Krishna Rao Baru, Yarramsetti Madhusudana — Mon, 27 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV-2. Immune system dysfunction increases susceptibility to infections. Due to the ongoing environmental exposure of the respiratory tract, pulmonary infections are highly frequent and relatively more severe in immunocompromised people. Also, immunocompromised people are susceptible to opportunistic infections in addition to the common diseases that can infect an immunocompetent person. The gold standard diagnostic test for corona virus pneumonia is the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. On CT, patients with COVID-19 displayed typical characteristics, such as bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacities with a posterior or peripheral predominance. The current study is to help us look for the types and severity of the changes in the chest CT imaging brought by the disease and how it varies in immunocompromised patients of COVID-19. Subjects and Methods: This is a hospital based comparative study design with a sample size of 91 patients referred to the department of Radiodiagnosis. Narayana Medical College, Nellore. The study was conducted for a period of 12 months. Results: Of 91 patients who tested RTPCR positive for SARS-CoV-2, 74 (81.31%) patients showed features of COVID -19 pneumonia on HRCT and 17 (18.68%) patients had no chest CT features. Among these 91 patients, 40 were immunocompromised and 51 were immunocompetent. Of the 17 patients with no CT changes, 13 (76.4%) were immunocompetent, and 4 (23.6%) were immunocompromised. Of the 51 immunocompromised patients, 42 had uncontrolled diabetes, 12 patients had chronic kidney disease, 1 patient had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome due to human immunodeficiency virus. 5 patients had both diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Most of the patients with no immunocompromising co-morbidities showed mild changes (35.0%) followed by no changes (32.5%). 25.0% of these patients showed moderate changes and 7.5% showed severe changes. Majority of the patients with diabetes (45.23%) showed moderate changes, followed by severe and mild changes. Majority of the patients (66.66%) with chronic kidney disease showed moderate changes, followed by severe changes in 16.6%. Conclusion: Patients with immunosuppressing conditions such as diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease had significantly more severe CT scores as compared to patients with no such background. Immunosuppressed patients are at higher risk for more severe corona virus disease and complications such as pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. High Resolution CT is an important imaging modality to determine the disease extent and severity. Prioritizing those patients who have COVID-19 and immunosuppression is crucial since the severity of HRCT results has been shown to be higher in these patients.

MRI Evaluation of Response to Percutaneous Sclerotherapy in Slow Flow Vascular Malformations

Gurtej Singh Saini, Sunil Kumar Bajaj, Rajika Khatun, Arosh Singh — Mon, 27 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000